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Oven Temperature
Convert between Fahrenheit, Celsius, gas mark and fan-assisted (convection) temperatures, with the standard oven chart.
- Fahrenheit
- 350°F
- Celsius
- 180°C
- exactly 177°C
- Fan / convection
- 160°C
- exactly 157°C
- Gas mark
- 4
Fan-assisted ovens circulate air, so they cook roughly 20°C (about 25–35°F) hotter than the dial suggests. Recipes written for conventional ovens should be dropped by that much when you use the fan setting. This oven is described as moderate.
Oven temperature chart
The standard conversions used by British, American and Australian cookbooks.
| Description | Fahrenheit | Celsius | Fan °C | Gas mark |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very cool | 225°F | 110°C | 90°C | 1/4 |
| Very cool | 250°F | 120°C | 100°C | 1/2 |
| Cool | 275°F | 140°C | 120°C | 1 |
| Cool | 300°F | 150°C | 130°C | 2 |
| Warm | 325°F | 160°C | 140°C | 3 |
| Moderate | 350°F | 180°C | 160°C | 4 |
| Moderately hot | 375°F | 190°C | 170°C | 5 |
| Fairly hot | 400°F | 200°C | 180°C | 6 |
| Hot | 425°F | 220°C | 200°C | 7 |
| Very hot | 450°F | 230°C | 210°C | 8 |
| Very hot | 475°F | 240°C | 220°C | 9 |
The formulas
Fahrenheit to Celsius is (°F − 32) ÷ 1.8, and Celsius to Fahrenheit is (°C × 1.8) + 32. Gas marks are not a formula but a fixed ladder: gas mark 1 is 275°F, and each step up adds 25°F.
Conventional, fan and grill
- Conventional: heat from elements top and bottom. What most recipes assume.
- Fan / convection: a fan circulates the heat. Faster, more even, and 20°C hotter in effect.
- Fan-assisted: a bottom element plus a fan. Treat as fan, but watch the base of pastry.
- Grill / broiler: radiant heat from above only. Never a substitute for baking.
Know your oven's personality
Most domestic ovens are hotter at the back and near the top. If your cakes lean or your cookies brown unevenly, rotate the tray halfway through and bake on the middle shelf. Once you are set on temperature, the air fryer converter handles the other direction — taking a conventional recipe down to air fryer settings.
Frequently asked questions
What is 350°F in Celsius?
350°F is 177°C, which every recipe rounds to 180°C. In a fan oven use 160°C, and on a gas hob it is gas mark 4.
What is gas mark 6?
Gas mark 6 is 400°F or 200°C, described in older cookbooks as fairly hot. In a fan oven, use 180°C.
How much lower should a fan oven be set?
About 20°C lower than a conventional oven, which is roughly 25–35°F. Some manufacturers say 25°C for older models — if your bakes brown fast, go further.
Why do recipes round 177°C to 180°C?
Because domestic oven thermostats swing by 10–15°C either side of the setting anyway. Round numbers are honest about that precision.
Is my oven actually at the temperature it says?
Often not. A £5 oven thermometer will usually reveal a 10–25°C offset, and knowing yours is the single cheapest improvement you can make to your baking.